{"id":29262,"date":"2015-10-18T16:35:54","date_gmt":"2015-10-18T14:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/?p=29262"},"modified":"2026-10-20T13:25:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T11:25:30","slug":"urinalysis-laboratories-warsaw-krakow-wroclaw-gliwice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/en\/urinalysis-laboratories-warsaw-krakow-wroclaw-gliwice\/","title":{"rendered":"Urinalysis (BOM): laboratories in Warsaw, Krakow, Wroc\u0142aw, Gliwice, Ko\u0142obrzeg, Szczecin, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Lublin, Bydgoszcz, Gorz\u00f3w, Ostro\u0142\u0119ka"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/badanie-ogolne-moczu-1.jpg\" rel='prettyPhoto'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12571 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/badanie-ogolne-moczu-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"A laboratory scientist holds a urine sample in their hand. \/Source: 123rf.com\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/badanie-ogolne-moczu-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/badanie-ogolne-moczu-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/badanie-ogolne-moczu-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Urinalysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Urinalysis (abbreviated in Polish to BOM) is a test that provides a wealth of valuable information not only about our urinary system, but also about many other organs, for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the kidneys (glomerulonephritis or interstitial nephritis),<\/li>\n<li>the urinary tract (e.g. infection, stones, tumours),<\/li>\n<li>complications of so-called lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity; in these cases, testing at regular intervals is recommended (usually once a year),<\/li>\n<li>so-called systemic diseases, which affect multiple organs (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus, other connective tissue diseases, amyloidosis),<\/li>\n<li>it is often included in so-called basic tests (alongside a full blood count and ESR), performed periodically to detect common diseases early or assess general health (e.g. occupational health examinations).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Urinalysis is a simple, inexpensive test that is worth having at least once a year.<\/p>\n<div class=\"badamy-sie-box\" style=\"width: 100%; padding: 20px; color: #ccc;\"><a href=\"\/\/badamysie.pl\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/kup-badanie-na-badamysie.jpg\" rel='prettyPhoto' alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">You can purchase individual blood tests and blood test packages developed by Polish specialists at<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/badamysie.pl\">BadamySie.pl <\/a><span style=\"color: #000080;\">and have them performed at the laboratory you select during purchase, using the confirmation emailed to you just moments after the transaction.<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Properties assessed in a urine sample and their deviations from normal:<\/p>\n<p>*COLOUR- urochrome is the pigment in urine that gives it its various shades of yellow. The normal colour is straw to pale yellow. Changes in colour depend on many factors. After drinking plenty of fluids, urine becomes almost colourless; when you drink little, it is deep yellow.<\/p>\n<p>If it is as dark as strong tea, jaundice or kidney or bladder stones should be suspected. Medicines containing B vitamins can also turn urine orange. Brown urine may be caused by bilirubin or phenol compounds (as a result of poisoning with this substance), while black urine may suggest the presence of melanin. Red urine (with possible shades ranging from pink to brown) is most often caused by haematuria, meaning the presence of erythrocytes. Other possible causes of red urine on urinalysis include haemoglobin (from broken-down erythrocytes), myoglobin (from damaged muscles), pigments from foods (e.g. beetroot, slippery jack mushrooms) or medicines (e.g. rifampicin).<\/p>\n<p>*CLARITY-<strong> <\/strong>urine should be clear or slightly opalescent. Urine should be clear.<br \/>\nCloudiness detected by urinalysis may indicate the presence of red blood cells (e.g. due to inflammation or a bladder tumour), white blood cells and bacteria (also indicating inflammation), as well as salts, e.g. uric acid salts, epithelial cells and fat. Sometimes, keeping urine at room temperature for too long encourages bacteria to multiply, causing cloudiness. Prolonged refrigeration of urine can also increase cloudiness through the precipitation of urates or phosphates (how to prepare a sample correctly for urinalysis is explained later in this article).<\/p>\n<p>*SPECIFIC GRAVITY-<strong> <\/strong>the normal range is 1016-1023 g\/l.<\/p>\n<p>A value close to the density of water (1.000 kg\/l) may be a sign of the onset of kidney failure. Reduced density may indicate disease, e.g. diabetes insipidus or chronic kidney failure. It may also be lower if large amounts of fluid were consumed in the few hours before collecting the sample.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Choose the package, test or medical consultation you are interested in from the<\/span> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/badamysie.pl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shop<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/badamysie.pl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">purchase online<\/a><\/strong>. <strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">When you use<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/badamysie.pl\">BadamySie.pl<\/a> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000080;\">you pay no additional fee for blood collection at the laboratory <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">(if you do not use Badamysie.pl, a fee is always added when you purchase tests in the usual way at the clinic)<strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>High relative urine density (approximately 1030 or more) occurs with significant dehydration (diarrhoea, vomiting, strenuous exercise, fever, not drinking fluids for a long time) in people with healthy kidneys, or when abnormal substances are present in the urine, such as glucose (diabetes) or a radiological contrast agent (excreted by the kidneys shortly after administration for an imaging examination such as urography or computed tomography). Specific gravity above the normal range on urinalysis also occurs with large amounts of protein or metabolites of various medicines.<\/p>\n<p>*pH<strong> <\/strong>&#8211;<strong> <\/strong>the average normal value shown by urinalysis is slightly acidic, around pH 5.5-6.<\/p>\n<p>An alkaline pH indicates a urinary tract infection or kidney stones. It may also indicate an elevated potassium level, chronic kidney failure or hyperparathyroidism, and can occur in disorders of renal tubular function (usually congenital), as well as when urine is kept at room temperature for too long.<\/p>\n<p>A pH below 5 may indicate dehydration or fever. Acidic urine shown by urinalysis may be caused by taking vitamin C or drinking cranberry juice.<\/p>\n<p>*UROBILINOGEN<strong> <\/strong>\u2013<strong> <\/strong>no more than 0.1 mg should be excreted at any one time (up to 4 mg over 24 hours). In urinalysis, a \u201c+\u201d sign is a normal result, \u201c+++\u201d indicates jaundice, and the absence of this substance indicates cholestasis (impaired bile flow in pregnant women). The result report is issued in Polish. Increased excretion at any one time may also signal damage to liver tissue (cirrhosis) or jaundice.<\/p>\n<p>Substances that should not be detected by urinalysis, and whose presence may always indicate disease:<\/p>\n<p>-PROTEIN- is not present in normal urine. If it is present, depending on the testing method, the result may be reported as a number (e.g. 150 mg\/l \u2013 the higher the number, the more protein in the urine) or in so-called plus signs (e.g. ++; more plus signs mean more protein). There is also so-called physiological proteinuria, observed in pregnant women, after strenuous exercise and in people with fever; however, protein detected by urinalysis should be a warning sign for the doctor. Persistent protein in the urine suggests damage to the kidney&#8217;s glomeruli.<\/p>\n<p>Possible causes of protein in the urine: kidney diseases (the most common are glomerulonephritis, diabetic kidney disease, interstitial nephritis, lupus nephropathy, amyloidosis, drug-induced kidney damage, hypertensive nephropathy, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia), urinary tract diseases (most commonly urinary tract infection and prostatitis),<\/p>\n<p>cardiovascular diseases (heart failure, severe hypertension, renal vein thrombosis), blood disorders (monoclonal gammopathy, e.g. myeloma).<\/p>\n<p>-SUGAR (GLUCOSE). It should not be detected in normal urine on urinalysis.<br \/>\nThe result may be reported as a number (e.g. 50 mg\/l \u2013 the higher the number, the more glucose in the urine) or in so-called plus signs (e.g. ++; more plus signs mean more glucose).<\/p>\n<p>Glucose detected by urinalysis is most often associated with an elevated blood glucose level, usually due to diabetes, or with renal glycosuria, in which abnormal renal tubular function causes glucose to be excreted by the kidneys despite a normal blood glucose level. It is also important to remember that the absence of glucose in the urine does not rule out diabetes. Glucose may be present in the urine during an otherwise normal pregnancy (diabetes must always be ruled out with an additional blood glucose test).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/bom.jpg\" rel='prettyPhoto'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12573 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/bom-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"A medical laboratory scientist holds a urine sample in a gloved hand. \/Source: 123rf.com\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/bom-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/bom-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/bom-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Glucose may appear in the urine on urinalysis when the reabsorptive capacity of the renal tubules is exceeded. Impaired reabsorption of glucose from urine may also result from liver or brain damage, poisoning with specific substances, adrenal disorders or damage to the renal tubules.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211;<\/strong>BILE PIGMENTS<strong>.<\/strong> They are not present in normal urine. They occur in liver and bile duct diseases.<\/p>\n<p>-KETONE BODIES- Ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetic acid and hydroxybutyric acid) are not observed in the urine of healthy people. They may be present in the urine of a healthy person who has not eaten for a dozen or more hours. They appear as a result of disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with fever, uncontrolled diabetes, after excessive alcohol consumption or when following a high-fat diet.<\/p>\n<p>-ERYTHROCYTES- normal result: no more than 3 per field of view. Visible haematuria occurs when there are enough erythrocytes to give the urine a reddish colour. Microscopic haematuria occurs when an excessive number of erythrocytes is detected only by urine testing (visible under a microscope but not to the \u201cnaked eye\u201d). Erythrocytes detected by urinalysis may be caused by disorders of the urinary tract, affecting the bladder, the renal collecting system and ureters, the urethra and the prostate gland. The most common are urinary stones, kidney cysts, kidney tumours, kidney injury, cystitis, bladder cancer, urethral injury, prostate cancer, benign prostatic enlargement, prostatitis and advanced cancers of the female reproductive system (cervical and uterine body cancer, vaginal cancer). These causes account for 90% of cases of haematuria. Kidney diseases (most commonly IgA nephropathy, thin basement membrane nephropathy and Alport syndrome). Rarely: bleeding disorders, strenuous exercise, fever.<\/p>\n<p>-WHITE BLOOD CELLS- Normal result: no more than 4\u20135 per field of view<\/p>\n<p>Causes of an abnormal number of white blood cells in urine: urinary tract infection, usually cystitis or pyelonephritis, prostatitis in men,<\/p>\n<p>interstitial nephritis or incorrect urine sample collection (especially in women, when the white blood cells come from the area around the external opening of the urethra).<\/p>\n<p>-CASTS- are not present in normal urine, or only occasional hyaline casts are found. Casts are cylindrical and form in the renal tubules, so finding casts other than hyaline casts usually indicates kidney disease. Casts may appear because of fever or after strenuous exercise in a person without kidney disease.<\/p>\n<p>Types of casts indicating kidney disease:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>granular casts, made up of cells or cell fragments,<\/li>\n<li>red blood cell casts \u2013 made up of erythrocytes and indicating glomerulonephritis,<\/li>\n<li>white blood cell casts \u2013 made up of white blood cells and indicating interstitial nephritis,<\/li>\n<li>epithelial casts \u2013 contain renal tubular cells and indicate tubular damage,<\/li>\n<li>waxy casts \u2013 indicate severe kidney damage,<\/li>\n<li>fatty casts \u2013 may occur in nephrotic syndrome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>-CRYSTALS- may occasionally also occur in healthy people. They are most commonly made up of phosphates or urates. In people with urinary stones, they may indicate the type of substances making up the stones. Although they may occur in a healthy person, their presence on urinalysis often indicates urinary stasis or reflux (particularly the presence of oxalates).<\/p>\n<p>-BACTERIA-<strong>.<\/strong> Note: <u>A report of bacteria being present on a urinalysis result is not reliable. <\/u>It usually indicates that bacteria have multiplied in the urine sample after collection. A different test is used to detect bacteria in urine: a urine culture.<\/p>\n<p>How to prepare a sample correctly for urinalysis:<\/p>\n<p>Urine should be collected from your first urination in the morning (by then, all the substances mentioned above, including unwanted ones if present, will have accumulated). For urinalysis, you should wash your genital area and then collect a so-called \u201cmidstream\u201d sample in a sterile container (purchased from a pharmacy) \u2013 this means passing the first part of your urine into the toilet and only then into the container (this is very important because a laboratory scientist may detect, for example, bacteria on urinalysis simply because the sample was collected from the first stream). The sample for urinalysis should reach the laboratory within 4 hours of collection and should be kept refrigerated until then (+2 to +8<sup>o<\/sup> C).<\/p>\n<p>Incorrect collection and\/or storage interferes with diagnostic testing, causing, for example, additional sediment or an abnormal pH.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see, urinalysis provides information about the general state of our health.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Check whether our laboratories are already in your city! With<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/badamysie.pl\">Badamysie.pl<\/a><span style=\"color: #000080;\"> you can have<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/badamysie.pl\/en\/produkt\/urinalysis\/\">Urinalysis<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000080;\">quickly, without a referral and without waiting.<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>* If your results are outside the normal range, we recommend <a href=\"https:\/\/badamysie.pl\/kategoria-produktu\/konsultacje-lekarskie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?hl=pl&amp;q=https:\/\/badamysie.pl\/kategoria-produktu\/konsultacje-lekarskie\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1468993373851000&amp;usg=AFQjCNERtvnNalZtcTQ27EsT9AVIHSgulQ\">consulting a doctor<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"badamy-sie-box\" style=\"width: 100%; padding: 20px; color: #ccc;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/badamysie.pl\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.badania-medyczne.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/kup-badanie-na-badamysie.jpg\" rel='prettyPhoto' alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"badamy-sie-box\" style=\"width: 100%; padding: 20px; color: #ccc;\"><span style=\"color: #999999; font-size: 8px;\">Laboratory blood tests, medical consultations and other medical diagnostic services in: Warsaw, Krakow, Katowice, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Pozna\u0144, Wroc\u0142aw, Szczecin, Gdynia, Sopot, Gda\u0144sk, Opole, Lublin, Gliwice, Bydgoszcz, Ko\u0142obrzeg, Rzesz\u00f3w, Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Opole, Jelenia G\u00f3ra, Koszalin, Ostro\u0142\u0119ka, P\u0142ock, \u015awiecie, Przemy\u015bl, Zabrze, Wodzis\u0142aw \u015al\u0105ski, Radom, Otwock, Olsztyn, Aleksandr\u00f3w, P\u0142o\u0144sk, \u0141owicz, Be\u0142chat\u00f3w, Be\u0142\u017cyce, Che\u0142m, D\u0105br\u00f3wka, Bogatynia, Bychawa, Bia\u0142ystok, Drzewica, Nowe Miasto Nad Pilic\u0105, Dzia\u0142dowo, Garwolin, G\u0142og\u00f3w, Goleni\u00f3w, Gorzyce, I\u0142\u017ca, Jelenia G\u00f3ra, Ko\u0142o, Kostrzyn, Ko\u015bcian, Krzywi\u0144, Kutno, Legionowo, Lesko, Lidzbark Welski, \u0141om\u017ca, Mi\u0144sk Mazowiecki, Nowy S\u0105cz, Mielec, Malbork, Oborniki \u015al\u0105skie, Podd\u0119bice, Przeworsk, Pu\u0142tusk, Raci\u0105\u017c, Racib\u00f3rz, Rybnik, Sanok, Siedlce, Sierpc, Sk\u00f3rzewo, Sochaczew, Swarz\u0119dz, Szyd\u0142owiec, Tuchola, Wejherowo, Wysokie Mazowieckie, Wyszk\u00f3w, Z\u0105bki, Zambr\u00f3w, \u017buromin, \u017bychlin, Kwidzyn, Ko\u015bcierzyna, Cedry Wielkie, Prabuty, Pruszcz Gda\u0144ski, Jaros\u0142aw, Reda, Rogowiec, Katowice, Cz\u0119stochowa, Kielce, J\u0119drzej\u00f3w, Pi\u0144cz\u00f3w, Zamo\u015b\u0107, Lubin, Czelad\u017a, Czerniewice, Grudzi\u0105dz, K\u0119ty, Konstantyn\u00f3w \u0141\u00f3dzki, Lutomiersk, Myszk\u00f3w, Olkusz, Piotrk\u00f3w Trybunalski, Polkowice, Poniatowa, Poraj, S\u0142awk\u00f3w, Stargard, Tarnobrzeg, Toru\u0144, Wi\u015blica, Wolbrom, Rumia, \u017bory, Bezrzecze, Legnica, Marki, Siemianowice \u015al\u0105skie, Ropczyce<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Urinalysis Urinalysis (abbreviated in Polish to BOM) is a test that provides a wealth of valuable information not only about our urinary system, but also about many other organs, for example: the kidneys (glomerulonephritis or interstitial nephritis), the urinary tract (e.g. infection, stones, tumours), complications of so-called lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity; &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":29263,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-o-badaniu"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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